Mikro un nanotehnoloģijas
Saturs
MIKROTEHNOLOĢIJAS
1. Mikroelektronika ........................................................................................................................4
1.1. Vēsture .......................................................................................................................4
1.2. Mūra likumi ................................................................................................................5
1.3. Integrālā shēma ..........................................................................................................6
1.3.1. IS iedalījums ...............................................................................................6
2. Silīcijs ..........................................................................................................................................7
3. Germānijs ...................................................................................................................................7
4. Pusvadītāji ..................................................................................................................................7
4.1. Lādiņnesēji pusvadītājos ............................................................................................8
4.2. Piejaukumu pusvadītāji ..............................................................................................8
4.3. Elektroncaurumu pāreja .............................................................................................9
5. Mikroshēmas izgatavošanas process ........................................................................................10
5.1. Čohraļska metode .....................................................................................................11
5.2. Epitaksija ...................................................................................................................12
5.3. Fotorezistēšana .........................................................................................................13
5.4. Fotolitogrāfija ............................................................................................................14
5.5. Fotošabloni ...............................................................................................................15
5.6. Jonu implantēšana ....................................................................................................15
NANOTEHNOLOĢIJAS
6. Nanozinātne ..............................................................................................................................18
6.1. Nanozinātnes virzieni ................................................................................................20
6.2. Realizētie pielietojumi ...............................................................................................21
6.3. Bioloģiskā atdarināšana .............................................................................................22
6.4. Lotosa efekts .............................................................................................................23
6.5. Nākotnes pielietojumi ...............................................................................................23
7. Oglekļa nanocaurulītes .............................................................................................................24
7.1. Nanocaurulītes sintēze .............................................................................................24
7.2. Nanocaurulīšu iedalījums .........................................................................................25
7.3. Nanocaurulīšu pielietojums nākotnē ........................................................................25
8. Sasniegumi ................................................................................................................................26
8.1. Melnākais materiāls ..................................................................................................26
8.2. Mazākā kvēlspuldze ..................................................................................................26
8.3. Nanoroboti ................................................................................................................27
8.4. Mehāniskais asinsķermenītis ....................................................................................27
8.5. Nanotehnoloģijas vēža šūnu iznīcināšanai ................................................................28
9. Fullerēns ....................................................................................................................................28
9.1. Fullerēna sintēze .......................................................................................................29
9.2. Fullerēna izmantošana ..............................................................................................30
10. Grafēns ....................................................................................................................................30
10.1. Grafēna iegūšana .....................................................................................................31
10.2. Grafēna LCD .............................................................................................................31
10.3. Grafēna papīrs .........................................................................................................32
Literatūras saraksts ......................................................................................... | 
